Space Time Adaptive Processing

Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) refers to a class of signal processing techniques used to process returns of an antenna array radar system. It enhances the ability of radars to detect targets that might otherwise be obscured by clutter or jamming. 

. The output of STAP is a linear combination or weighted sum of the input signal samples .The “adaptive” in STAP refers to the fact that STAP weights are computed to reflect the actual noise, clutter and jamming environment in which the radar finds itself. The “space” in STAP refers to
the fact that STAP the STAP weights (applied to the signal samples at each of the elements of the antenna array) at one instant of time define an antenna pattern in space. If there are jammers in the field of view, STAP will adapt the radar antenna pattern by placing nulls in the directions those jammers thus rejecting jammer power. The “time” in STAP refers to the fact that the STAP weights applied to the signal samples at one antenna element over the entire dwell define a system impulse response and hence a system frequency response.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.1 INTRODUCTION..………….………………………………….…1
1.2.1 INTRODUCTION TO RADAR……………………..………….…2
1.2.2 RADAR BLOCK DIAGRAM……………………….….………....2
1.2.3 CLUTTER AND JAMMING………………………….………..…3
1.3.1 ANTENNA ARRAYS…………………………………….…..…...4
1.3.2 ADAPTIVE ANTENNAS……………………………….………...5
2.0 SPACE TIME ADAPTIVE PROCESSING……………..……..….5
2.1 STAP PROCESSING…………………………………………......10
2.2 STAP ALGORITHMS……………………………………………10
2.2.1 INTERFERENCE COVARIANCE
MATRIX ESTIMATION APPROACH….………....12
2.2.2 DIRECT DATA DOMAIN APPROACH…………….……….....15
2.2.3 COMPARISON BETWEEN
ICME AND D3 ALGORITHMS……………....18
3.0 APPLICATIONS……………………………………………....…20
4.0 CONCLUTION……………………………………………..…....26
5.0 REFERENCES.…………………………………………………..27

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